Renal Failure
1. May occur in ARF as a result of lack of production of renal 1 alpha-hydroxylase enzyme, which converts Vitamin D into its most active form, leading to calcium malabsorption.

Renal Marfan's
Renal rheumatosis
Renal hypoperfusion
Renal hyperporesis
Renal osteodystrophy

2. The commonest cause of death in dialysis and transplant patients is

Respiratory disease
Peritoneal rupture
Subdural haemorrhage
Pancreatitis
Cardiovascular disease

3. An ascending urinary tract infection that has reached the pelvis of the kidney

Pyelonephritis
Diabetic renal disease
Polycystic renal disease
Tubular Nephrosis
Microscopic vasculitis

4. What does the kidney secrete?

B) Renin
A) Erythropoietin
C) Gastrin
E) A & C
D) A & B

5. The commonest inherited disease of the kidneys.

Glomerular Nephritis
Adult polycystic renal disease
Tubular Nephrosis
Diabetic renal disease
Microscopic vasculitis

6. The eGFR is adjusted for

Race
Sex
All of these
Age
Weight

7. ___% of renal transplant of renal transplant patients will develop skin cancer at 10 years

60
40
50
80
70

8. In ESRF, the best treatment is

EPO injections
Oral phosphate binders
Cimino-Bresica arterio-venous fistula
That which suits the patient's life-style
Peritoneal dialysis

9. A genetic disorder characterized by glomerulonephritis, endstage kidney disease, and hearing loss.

Reflux nephropathy
Chronic pyelonephritis
Chronic glomerular disease
Glomerulonephritis
Alport's syndrome

10. An eGFR of <15 mL/min suggests

Moderate low GFR with(out) evidence of renal damage
Slight low GFR with other evidence of renal damage
Severe low GFR with(out) evidence of renal damage
Normal or raised GFR with other evidence of renal damage
Established renal failure

11. What is the target BP for those who have CRF?

120/75
130/80
145/90
110/70
140/85

12. May occur in renal transplant patients who receive additional immunosuppressive therapy for rejection episodes

Herpes
CMV infection
pneumocystis carinii infection
Re-activation of TB
Any of these

13. Severe low GFR with(out) evidence of renal damage

<15 mL/min
30-59 mL/min
15-29 mL/min
60-89 mL/min
>90 mL/min

14. A surgically created connection between an artery and a vein in the forearm

Periorbital vascular fistula
Veno occlusive fistula
Percutaneous endoscopic fistula
Peritoneal dialysis fistula
Cimino-Bresica arterio-venous fistula

15. A variety of conditions in which proteins are abnormally deposited in organs and/or tissues, causing disease.

Amyloidosis
Myeloma
Vasculitis
Alport's disease
Lyeomyoma

16. Renal function is assessed by level of

plasma Alk phos
plasma amylase
plasma albumin
plasma creatinine
plasma ALT

17. In ARF, a normochromic, normocytic anaemia may develop due to lack of

Angiotensionogen
Aldosterone
Renin
Angiotension
Erythropoietin

18. In the UK, over ___________people go into renal failure every year

600,000
60,000,000
60,000
6,000,000
6000

19. What is the function of the kidneys?

Conserve useful substances e.g. glucose
Eliminate drugs and their metabolites
Excrete toxic substances from the breakdown of the products of dietary protein
Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance
All of these

20. In ARF, phosphate retention may occur as a result of the fall in GFR, leading to the development of

secondary hypoporesis
secondary hyperthyroidism
secondary hyperparathyroidism
secondary hypothyroidism
secondary eGFR

21. Which eGFR suggests normal or raised GFR with other evidence of renal damage?

15-29 mL/min
30-59 mL/min
<15 mL/min
60-89 mL/min
>90 mL/min

22. A type of cancer of plasma cells which are immune system cells in bone marrow that produce antibodies

Myeloma
Vasculitis
Amyloidosis
Lyeomyoma
Alport's disease

23. When the GFR has fallen to ______ the patient is said to have end-stage RF and may die within a few months unless renal replacement therapy is initiated.

<10 ml/min
<0.75 ml/min
<0.5 ml/min
<1 ml/min
<0.01 ml/min

24. CRF is a remarkably asymptomatic disorder until about _____of glomerular filtration rate is lost.

45%
85%
55%
25%
65%

25. A descriptive term applied to a red blood cell with a normal concentration of hemoglobin

normocytic
normochromic
normohaemus
haemolytic
haemonormus

26. Mycophenolate or tacrolimus are examples of

Long-term immunosuppressive therapy
Treatment for acute renal failure
Antibiotic therapy in CRF
EPO stabilizers
eGFR enhancers

27. What is the commonest symptom of ARF?

haematuria
loss of appetite
weight loss
tiredness
weight gain

28. In ARF, sallow pigmentation may occur as a result of

C. Build up of bilirubin
A. Anaemia
D. A & B
B. Retention of urochrome pigment
E. B & C

29. Occurs when a patient with stable CRF develops acute worsening (and often reversible) of renal function as a result of an additional insult e.g. infection, nephrotoxic drugs.

Nephrotic syndrome
Cholagenous renal failure
Acute-on chronic renal failure
Nephritic syndrome
Glomerulonephritis

30. A descriptive term applied to a red blood cell of normal size

normochromic
normohaemus
normocytic
haemolytic
haemonormus

31. A persistent impairment of both glomerular and tubular function of gradual onset (months or years) and of such severity that the kidneys are no longer able to maintain the normal internal environment.

Nephrotic syndrome
Acute-on chronic renal failure
Glomerulonephritis
Chronic renal failure
Acute renal failure

32. Now the fastest rising cause of end-stage renal failure in the Western world

Hepatitis
Diabetes
Atherosclerosis
Alcoholism
Hypertension

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